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Worldwide decreasing fish stocks have led to strongly expanding aquaculture industries
(fish and shellfish).
Biofouling on the net cages in use are a big problem. Mesh will overgrow, attracting
more macro fouling, resulting in accumulated fouling, extremely difficult to get
rid of.
Even though toxic antifouling coatings are still widely used, awareness of environmental
problems and (fish) health issues are leading to strict legislation. Also toxic
antifouling needs to be replaced +/- every year.
For fisheries, problems are most pressing, since the toxins can enter the fish and
accumulate in the (human) food chain.
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